Menguak Akar Sejarah. Nama “Tempilang” Berasal dari Benteng Pertahanan dan Kayu Merah

PANGKALPINANG, PERKARANEWS.COM-Nama “Tempilang” kini tak hanya dikenal sebagai salah satu kecamatan di Bangka Barat, namun menyimpan jejak sejarah panjang dan toponimi yang menarik untuk diungkap. Dari catatan kuno hingga warisan lisan, nama Tempilang ternyata berakar kuat dari keberadaan benteng pertahanan dan kekayaan alamnya yang melimpah.

Dato’ Akhmad Elvian, DPMP, Sejarawan dan Budayawan Terkemuka Penerima Anugerah Kebudayaan Indonesia, mencatat, keberadaan benteng dan gudang yang diperkuat meriam serta persenjataan di Tempilang telah ada sejak masa Abang Pahang Bergelar Tumenggung Ditamenanggala, sekitar tahun 1769. Bukti nyata terlihat dalam peta lama seperti Het Eiland Banka (1819) dan De River van Palembang (1821) yang secara gamblang menuliskan nama “Tempilang”.Ini menunjukkan betapa pentingnya wilayah ini di masa lalu.

Lokasi geografis Tempilang yang strategis di pesisir barat Pulau Bangka, berseberangan dengan Pulau Semujong di sebelah Baratdaya, dan berdekatan dengan Tanjung Toda di sebelah Baratlaut, menjadikannya pusat penting dalam aktivitas perdagangan dan pertahanan.

Tak heran, Tanjung Kaay, yang tercatat dalam Map of the Island Banca (1821) oleh M. H. Court, seorang Residen Inggris, juga menjadi bagian tak terpisahkan dari wilayah ini, menandakan signifikansinya dalam jaringan maritim.

Bacaan Lainnya

Istilah “toponimi Tempilang” merujuk pada asal-usul nama suatu tempat. Dalam peta Pulau Bangka yang lebih muda, J.W. Stemfoort pada tahun 1885 menuliskan “Tempilan” untuk merujuk pada daerah ini.

Penamaan ini diyakini berkaitan erat dengan Fort atau wilayah Benteng Tempilang, yang terletak di sisi Tenggara Tempilan dan Tanjung Semoela. Yang menarik, nama “Tempilang” diyakini berasal dari nama spesifik Kayu Tempelang (Pterocarpus indicus Willd), yang juga dikenal sebagai Kayu Merah. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa kekayaan flora lokal turut membentuk identitas nama daerah.

Keberadaan Fort Tempilang, beserta gudangnya, dibangun untuk melindungi pertambangan timah milik Sultan Palembang. Pertambangan timah yang semula dibuka di Mentok, kemudian di Belok, dan selanjutnya di Panji dekat Belinyu, akhirnya dibuka di wilayah Tempilang (Tempil). Ini menunjukkan pergeseran pusat aktivitas pertambangan dan semakin vitalnya peran Tempilang.

Laporan Belanda pada tahun 1883 menyebutkan toko atau tiko bernama Kimas Tumonggung Astra Dikara, seorang “toke raja” yang membawahi Distrik Bangka Tampelang (Tempilang) dan mempekerjakan 10 pekerja tambang Cina. Data ini semakin menguatkan betapa pesatnya perkembangan wilayah Tempilang di masa lampau, didorong oleh kekayaan sumber daya timah dan infrastruktur pertahanan yang mumpuni.

Dengan demikian, nama “Tempilang” bukan sekadar label geografis, melainkan cerminan dari sejarah panjang, kekuatan pertahanan, dan kekayaan alam yang membentuk identitas salah satu wilayah bersejarah di Pulau Bangka. Jejak-jejak ini masih bisa kita telusuri, baik melalui catatan sejarah maupun sisa-sisa peninggalan yang ada, menjadi pengingat akan masa lalu yang kaya akan cerita.(Yuko)

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