PANGKALPINANG,PERKARANEWS-Diskursus politik mengenai pilkada Indonesia semakin hangat tersaji. Makfum saja saat ini sudah masuk masa kampanye. Menariknya lalu lalang opini terkait calon tunggal berkutat pada kemunduran demokrasi, oligarki politik, penjegalan kompetisi dsb. Sangat jarang opini menangkap dari perspektif berbeda.
Pertama, perlu diketahui Pilkada 2024 adalah kali pertama serentak se-Indonesia, dan kali pertama pula dilakukan seusai Pilpres dan Pemilu Legislatif. Akibat dari koalisi Pilpres memberikan semacam coctail efeck di daerah yg diperankan dengan manis oleh parpol yg tergabung di koalisi besar (KIM+) memunculkan figur pasangan tunggal yg pasti kuat. Selain itu parpol dalam momentum baru saja selesai “perang”. Bagi parpol di daerah pileg adalah ajang menguji kader. Proses ini sesungguhnya adalah ujian awal menuju Pilkada, jelas syarat parlementary treshold pilkada berada di pileg 2024. Parpol tentu belajar banyak dari fenomena pileg, mulai kecenderungan perilaku pemilih didaerahnya, militansi dan tingkat pengorbanan kader, hingga hasil akhir dalam konversi kursi. Parpol pada akhirnya berdasar pertimbangan kondisi pileg tentu berhati2 dan selektif dalam mengajukan dan mengusung calon kepala daerah. Sudah bukan rahasia di tataran politik lokal banyak juga “petualang politik” berseliweran atas nama demokrasi mendaftarkan diri bahkan declare sbg calon hanya untuk unjuk personal branding non-politic namun sesungguhnya tidak serius mencalonkan diri. Pemanfaat momentum seperti ini yg dihindari parpol. Dibeberapa daerah banyak parpol terjebak oleh kandidat pilkada seperti ini. Calon tunggal di Indonesia di dominasi oleh Petahana yg sudah teruji, berpenggalaman, dan menguasai persoalan daerah. Dengan tren electoral yg tingggi melalui data survei partai menjatuhkan pilihan pada patahana ditambah penerimaan sosial yg dominan sekaligus reward kinerja dan akuntability.
Kedua, demokrasi melahirkan unsur kompetisi. Sudah sering kita membaca dan mendengar daerah dengan calon tunggal membunuh demokrasi dengan meniadakan kompetisi. Demokrasi bukan mundur namun terus maju berkembang beradaptasi dengan tantangan2 baru. “Orang baru” atau kandidat kepala daerah seringkali gagal membaca peta kompetisi. Bakal kandidat pilkada menganggap kompetisi formil adalah gelanggang pilkada, bacalon terjebak dalam pencitraan semu, sibuk membentuk relawan, memaksakan survei, dan menghambur reklame. Sesungguhnya kompetisi sudah dimulai sejak pileg selesai. Kompetisi dalam demokrasi pilkada setidaknya terbagi 2 tingkat. Kompetisi tinggkat 1 iyalah mempersiapkan syarat pencalonan yg berarti dukungan partai. Kompetisi tahap 2 berarti berkampanye memperebutkan hati dan suara masyarakat. Hal ini tdak jauh berbeda dengan suksesi kepemimpinan di level musyawarah daerah, konfererensi daerah, atau kongres daerah. Sebelum maju sebagai calon pimpinan harus memiliki rekomendasi dari kelompok peserta. Ini adalah kompetisi tahap 1. Hal ini penting sebagai edukasi dan filterasi menapaki kepemimpinan daerah. Jika hanya ada satu kandidat ya aklamasi.
Kompetisi lamaran kerja bukan hanya saat mengis pretes dan CAT. Kompetisi sudah terjadi sebelumnya, mulai saat persiapan belajar, mengecek lokasi, mengirim berkas yg diperumit melalui website aplikasi dsb. Sesunguhnya ujian sudah berlanggsung di awal.
Perbandingan ini sy akui adalah simplykasi. Namun poinnya adalah kompetisi berawal sebelum gong pertandingan dibunyikan. Jika ada yg ketinggalan jangan ngambek protes melempar kesalahan kesana kemari.
Ketiga, pilkada dengan calon tunggal berhadapan dengan kotak kosong memunculkan prasangka keraguan akan kandidat tunggal. Padahal parpol sbg representasi konstituen tidak mungkin kompak mendukung 1 pasang calon jika tdk ada trust, minim prestasi, integritas, jaminan stabiltas dan keberlanjutan yg lebih matang. Justru hadirnya kandidat tunggal simbolisasi persatuan, ketiadaan kerentanaan konflik, dan minimasi biaya politik.
Kandidat tunggal sepanjang kemunculannya pertama kali hingga tahun 2020 sebanyak 43 daerah. Kecuali Kota Makassar, kemenangan calon tunggal 100% diseluruh daerah tsb. Perspektif berbeda untuk Kota Makassar dimana suara kolom kosong mencapai 53% tdk bisa disamakan dengan pilkada calon tunggal murni lainnya. Karna terdapat 2 pasang calon yg salah satunya dianulir setelah 2 bulan berkampanye dan 1 kali berdebat. Saat ini terdapat 41 daerah dengan kandidat tunggal.
Munculnya relawan kolom kosong bukan fenomena baru, di setiap tahun pilkada pasti terdapat daerah dominan yg berteriak dan bahkan melakukan mobilisasi massa mewakili kolom kosong. Namun berdasar statistik belum satupun daerah tsb kolom kosong mampu melebihi angka 50%. Justru tren kemangan calon tunggal cukup tinggi di angka 79,9%. Kemunculan relawan mewakili kolom kosong hemat kami sangat baik untuk demokrasi. Paling tidak melakukan balancyng mission dalam program2 pro rakyat yg dapat saja luput dari visi misi calon tunggal. Seharusnya terdapat ruang dalam kontestasi calon tunggal masyarakat atau kelompok masyarakat bisa menitipkan visi dan program dalam visi misi calon tunggal. Kondisi saat ini seakan2 visi misi daerah yg nantinya akan masuk dalam dokumen rpjmd di monopoli oleh calon tunggal.
Keempat, hadirnya calon tunggal sebenarnya hal lumrah dalam perkembangan demokrasi. Meskipun fenomena calon tunggal sering dilihat sebagai ancaman terhadap esensi kompetisi dalam demokrasi, perspektif lain menunjukkan bahwa ini bisa menjadi tanda stabilitas, efisiensi, dan kepuasan masyarakat terhadap calon yang sudah ada. Demokrasi tidak selalu tentang jumlah kandidat, tetapi tentang kemampuan masyarakat untuk memilih dengan bebas dan memberikan mandat kepada pemimpin yang terpercaya. Sebagai tambahan referensi calon tunggal juga terjadi di luar negeri. Bahkan negeri tetangga Singapura pernah melalui calon tunggal presiden Halimah Yacob. Di level kepala daerah setingkat walikota dan council di Amerika Serikat khususnya di kota2 kecil juga sering memunculkan calon tunggal. Georgia, Nort Dakota, Wyoming dan bahkan Texas langganan dgn calon tunggal di kota2 mereka.
Kelima, kita, perlu memikirkan ulang secara seksama paksaan regulasi jika pilkada ditunda hingga 2025. Artinya lagi2 daerah akan dipimpin oleh Pj. Kepala Daerah yg belum tentu berasal dan memiliki visi misi membangun dan mempercepat akselerasi pembangunan. Pj tdk memiliki mandat konstituen, jabatannya hadir karena penunjukan bukan pemilihan. Sehingga Pj tdk dibebankan mandat rakyat. Rata2 propinsi maupun kabupaten kota yg dipimpin Pj menggalami penurunan APBD yg signifikan. Di Babel saja APBD yg merupakan salah satu faktor penggerak ekonomi penting mengalami penurunan. Termasuk daerah tingkat duanya. Kondisi ini berkolaborasi dengan muramnya kondisi pertimahan dan perkebunan. Tampak nyata pada posisi pertumbuhan ekonomi Babel 2024 yg hingga quartal ke dua cuma tumbuh 1,03%. Terendah se-Sumatera. Sulit dikatakan kondisi ini tdk terkait dgn ketiadaan pimpinan definitif daerah.
Hemat kita, jika skenario penundaan pilkada terjadi, kita hanya membuang2 waktu dan mengulur suksesi kepemimpinan daerah yg tidak perlu. Setidaknya kepala daerah definitif hanya efektif menjabat 3 tahun. Ingat, pilkada serentak 2029. Dus, pilih mengulur menggantung nasib pada peramal atau melangkah maju bersama kepala daerah definitif??.(Yuko)
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